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By Data Asset The most common method - add items by their ItemDataAsset: Blueprint: 
[InventoryComponent] → AddItem
   ItemData: DA_HealthPotion
   Quantity: 5
   Return: Success (true/false)
C++: 
bool bSuccess = InventoryComponent->AddItem(HealthPotionDataAsset, 5);
if (bSuccess)
{
    UE_LOG(LogTemp, Log, TEXT("Added 5 health potions"));
}
By Item Instance Add a pre-configured item with custom properties: Blueprint: 
[Create Item Instance with custom durability/stats]
   ↓
[InventoryComponent] → AddItemInstance
   ItemInstance: [Your custom instance]
   Return: Success
C++: 
FItemInstance CustomSword;
CustomSword.ItemID = "IronSword";
CustomSword.ItemData = IronSwordDataAsset;
CustomSword.Quantity = 1;
CustomSword.Durability = 75.0f;  // 75% durability
CustomSword.CrafterName = FText::FromString("Thorin");

bool bSuccess = InventoryComponent->AddItemInstance(CustomSword);
With Overflow Handling When adding items that might not fit: 
TArray<FItemInstance> Overflow;
bool bFullyAdded = InventoryComponent->TryAddItemAtSlot(
    ItemInstance,
    -1,  // -1 = find any available slot
    Overflow
);

if (Overflow.Num() > 0)
{
    // Handle items that didn't fit
    for (const FItemInstance& OverflowItem : Overflow)
    {
        // Spawn in world or notify player
        SpawnWorldItem(OverflowItem);
    }
}